![]() Salt and water are divided up in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2) on the cathode and chlorine gas on the anode. Because of this current chlorine ions (which originate from salt dissolving in water) are transformed to chlorine atoms. Brine can conduct a powerful direct current in an electolytic cell. The salts are dissolved in water, forming brine. This is often attained by electrolysis of seawater or rock salt. During this reaction an oxygen atom is released, which will be converted into an oxygen molecule:Ĭhlorine is produced from chlorine bonds by means of electrolytic or chemical oxidation. First, the water molecule (H 2O) is broken down, causing electrons to be released which reduce the chlorine atom of underchloric acid to chloride (Cl -). UV radiation in sunlight provides energy which aids the break-down of underchloric acid (HOCl) molecules. Chlorine is broken down under the influence of sunlight. Watery chlorine should be protected from sunlight. In Holland for example, chlorine is transported in separate chlorine trains. When it is transported, stored or used, safety precautions must be taken. This is why it is stored either in glass or in plastic.Ĭhlorine is a very reactive and corrosive gas. Concentrated hydrochloric acid can even corrode stainless steel. These ions react with any kind of substance they come in contact with, even metals that are corrosion resistant under normal circumstances. The hydrogen atom gives off one electron to the chlorine atom, causing hydrogen and chlorine ions to form. When hydrogen chloride dissolves in water it becomes hydrochloric acid. Chlorine can also form very reactive products, such as hydrogen chloride (HCl). ![]() It can also cause an extra eletron to form (a covalent bond a chlorine bond), causing the outer shell to complete.įigure 2: chlorine atoms contain 17 electronsĬhlorine can form very stable substances, such as kitchen salt (NaCl). This causes free, charged atoms, called ions, to form. In the outer shell there is space left for another electron. Within the inner shell there are two electrons, within the middle shell there are eight and within the outer shell there are seven. These move around the heavy core of the atom in three shells. Halogens often react with metals to form soluble salts.Ĭhlorine atoms contain 17 negative electrons (negatively charged particles). All halogens react with other elements in the same way and can form a large quantity of substances. Other halogens are fluorine (F), bromine (Br), iodene (I) and astatine (At). In the periodic chart chlorine can be found among the halogens. Large quantities of chlorine can be found in the ground as rock salts or halite.Ĭhlorine (Cl 2) is one of the most reactive elements it easily binds to other elements. Most chlorine can be found dissolved in seas and salty lakes. Chlorine can usually be found bond to sodium (Na), or in kitchen salt (sodium chloride NaCl). Chlorine is always found in compounds, because it is a very reactive element. Watt, 2002)Ĭhlorine can be found on many different locations all over the world. He named the gas ‘chlorine’ (Cl), after the Greek word ‘chloros’, which means yellow-greenish and refers to the color of chlorine gas (White, 1999. In 1810 sir Humphry Davy, an English chemist who tested fundamental reations of chlorine gas, discovered that the gas Scheele found must be an element, given that the gas was inseperable. It also reacted with metals and metal oxides. Scheele discovered that chlorine gas was water-soluble and that it could be used to bleach paper, vegetables and flowers. When these substances are heated the bonds are broken, causing manganese chloride (MnCl 2), water (H 2O) and chlorine gas (Cl 2) to form.įigure 1: Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered chlorine in 1774 Scheele heated brown stone ( manganese dioxide MnO 2) with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Chlorine (Cl 2) was first prepared in pure form by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. Chlorine can be applied for the deactivation of most microorganisms and it is relatively cheap.Ĭhlorine gas was presumably discovered in the thirteenth century. Separation and Concentration Purification Requestĭescubrimiento - Lugar - Propiedades - Transporte - Almacenamiento - Produccion - Metodos de produccion - Aplicacionesĭesinfeccion - Lejia - Mecanismo de desinfeccion - Cloro activo - Dosis - Descomposicion en la cloronizacionĬoncentraciones - efectividad - Efectos para la salud - Legislacionĭiscovery - Location - Properties - Transport - Storage - Production - Production Methods - Applicationsĭisinfection - Bleaching - Disinfection Mechanism - Active Chlorine - Dosage - Breakpoint ChlorinationĬoncentrations - Effectivity - Health Effects - LegislationĬhlorine is one of the most commonly used disinfectants for water disinfection.Plant Inspection & Process Optimalisation.
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